Zukunft der Arbeit – Eine praxisnahe Betrachtung

Auf der Grundlage konkreter Forschungsprojekte im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 liefert dieses Fachbuch Szenarien der Gestaltung zukünftiger Industriearbeit. Diese Szenarien lassen sich mit einem einheitlichen Beschreibungsmodell darstellen; dieses Modell kann für weitere Gestaltungsprojekte in der industriellen Praxis herangezogen werden. Anhand dieser praxisnahen technisch-organisationalen Lösungen wird deutlich, wie die Zukunft der Arbeit in Industrie 4.0 unter dem Einsatz moderner Automatisierungs-, Robotik- und Assistenztechnologien – bezogen auf ganz spezifische Anwendungsszenarien – aussehen könnte

Standardisierung in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung als ein Kernprozess der Professionalisierung

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die grundlegende Bedeutung der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung für die Professionalisierung beruflicher Handlungsfelder herauszustellen. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst der Professionalisierungsbegriff beleuchtet und sein Zusammenhang mit der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung dargestellt. Besonders in den Mittelpunkt gestellt wird im weiteren Verlauf die Bedeutung von Standards der professionellen Arbeit. Anschließend wird diskutiert, inwieweit modulareWeiterbildungsangebote besonders geeignet sind, Standardisierungsbemühungen bei der Beschreibung von Lerninhalten – als Teil der Professionalisierung sowohl der Lernenden wie auch der Lehrenden (nicht nur) in der hochschulischen Weiterbildung – erneut in den Blick zu nehmen

Wissenschaftliche Auswertung über Theorien und Instrumente für ein Inklusives Wachstum in Deutschland

Vor dem Hintergrund von Digitalisierung und Industrie 4.0 ändert sich die Arbeitswelt umfassend. Dabei ist die Entwicklung nicht nur von Fragen der potenziellen Substituierbarkeit des Menschen durch technische Systeme geprägt, sondern auch von den Möglichkeiten einer immer engeren Kooperation zwischen Mensch und Maschine, mit dem Ziel, die herausragenden Fähigkeiten des Menschen mit den besonderen Eigenschaften von Maschinen als "Bestes aus zwei Welten" zu vereinen. Dazu gehört auch, dass der Mensch von den technischen Systemen eine Unterstützung erfährt, die im Idealfall genau seinen Fähigkeiten und Bedürfnissen sowie den Anforderungen des Arbeitskontextes entspricht. Um diesen Anspruch zu erfüllen, werden seit einigen Jahren vermehrt digitale Assistenzsysteme in der betrieblichen Praxis eingesetzt. Der weitaus prominenteste Anwendungsfall sind Systeme zur Werkerführung (pick-by-light und verwandte), die etwa in der variantenreichen Fertigung eingesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus ist zu erwarten, dass aufgrund der fortschreitenden technologischen Entwicklung insbesondere kognitiv unterstützende Funktionen zukünftig nicht mehr an spezielle Geräte gebunden sein werden, sondern sich die Assistenz in Form einer umfassenden Software-Integration und eines gemeinsamen Datenraumes auf nahezu jedem technischen Gerät realisieren wird - ganz gleich, ob es eine Werkzeugmaschine oder ein Smartphone ist. Um den Entwicklungsstand von digitalen Assistenzsystemen zu beschreiben und ihren Beitrag im Hinblick auf Inklusion/Diversity, Gesunderhaltung und Arbeitsqualität abzuschätzen, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein Klassifikationsschema gemäß Art der Unterstützung (physisch, sensorisch, kognitiv), Anforderungsniveau (niedrig, mittel, hoch, variabel) und Zielsetzung der Unterstützung (kompensatorisch, erhaltend, erweiternd) entwickelt Aufbauend darauf werden die Potenziale von digitalen Assistenzsystemen anhand von 16 Praxisbeispielen veranschaulicht und in einer Gesamtbetrachtung die Erfolgsfaktoren für eine betriebliche Umsetzung diskutiert. Abschließend werden Gestaltungsoptionen für die Politik aufgezeigt, um bei einer weiteren Verbreitung von digitalen Assistenzsystemen im Betrieb die Potenziale für eine verbesserte Teilhabe, höhere Arbeitsqualität und gesünderes Arbeiten zu heben und zur Etablierung eines Leitmarktes für gute digital assistierte Arbeit in Deutschland beizutragen.Against the background of digitalization and industry 4.0, the world of work changes comprehensively. The development is characterised not only by questions of the potential substitutability of humans by technical systems, but also by the possibilities of an ever closer cooperation between man and machine, with the aim of combining the outstanding abilities of man with the special characteristics of machines as "best from two worlds". This also means that the human being is supported by technical systems, which, in an ideal situation, exactly match his abilities and needs, as well as the requirements of the working context. In order to meet this demand, digital assistance systems have been increasingly used in the last years. The most prominent applications are systems for worker guidance (pick-by-light and related), which are used, for example, in multi-variant assembly. Moreover, it is to be expected that, due to the ongoing technological development, especially cognitive support functions will no longer be bound to specific devices in the future, but that the assistance will be realised by means of comprehensive software integration and a common data space on almost every technical device, independent of whether it is a machine tool or a smartphone. To describe the stage of development for digital assistance systems and assess their contribution to inclusion/diversity, health and work quality, a classification scheme was developed in the present study according to type of support (physical, sensory, cognitive), degree of support (low, medium, high, variable) and objective of support (compensatory, sustaining, expanding) and Building on this, the potentials of digital assistance systems are illustrated by 16 practical examples and success factors for the operational implementation are discussed. Finally, policy measure to unlock potentials for more participation, higher quality of work and healthier work in the course of a further diffusion of digital assistance systems in businesses and to support the establishment of a lead market in Germany for good digitally assisted work are presented

Gerechtigkeit in flexiblen Arbeits- und Managementprozessen

Engels G, Maier GW, Ötting SK, Steffen E, Teetz A. Gerechtigkeit in flexiblen Arbeits- und Managementprozessen. In: Wischmann S, Hartmann EA, eds. Zukunft der Arbeit. Eine praxisnahe Betrachtung. Autonomik Industrie 4.0. Berlin: Springer Vieweg; 2018: 221-231

FAIR Data Commons / Essential Services and Tools for Metadata Management Supporting Science

A sophisticated ensemble of services and tools enables high-level research data and research metadata management in science. On a technical level, research datasets need to be registered, preserved, and made interactively accessible using repositories that meet the specific requirements of scientists in terms of flexibility and performance. These requirements are fulfilled by the Base Repo and the MetaStore of the KIT Data Manager Framework. In our data management architecture, data and metadata are represented as FAIR Digital Objects that are machine actionable. The Typed PID Maker and the FAIR Digital Object Lab provide support for the creation and management of data objects. Other tools enable editing of metadata documents, annotation of data and metadata, building collections of data objects, and creating controlled vocabularies. Information systems such as the Metadata Standards Catalog and the Data Collections Explorer help researchers select domain-specific metadata standards and schemas and identify data collections of interest. Infrastructure developers search the Catalog of Repository Systems for information on modern repository systems, and the FAIR Digital Object Cookbook for recipes for creating FAIR Digital Objects. Existing knowledge about metadata management, services, tools, and information systems has been applied to create research data management architectures for a variety of fields, including digital humanities, materials science, biology, and nanoscience. For Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, metadata schemas were developed in close cooperation with the domain specialists and incorporated in the research data management architectures. This research has been supported by the research program ‘Engineering Digital Futures’ of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, the Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration (HMC) Platform, the German National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI), the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Joint Lab “Integrated Model and Data Driven Materials Characterization (MDMC)”. Also, this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101007417 within the framework of the NFFA-Europe Pilot (NEP) Joint Activities

Catching Element Formation In The Act

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figure

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Hard color-singlet exchange in dijet events in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Events where the two leading jets are separated by a pseudorapidity interval devoid of particle activity, known as jet-gap-jet events, are studied in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV. The signature is expected from hard color-singlet exchange. Each of the highest transverse momentum (p(T)) jets must have p(T)(jet) > 40 GeV and pseudorapidity 1.4 0.2 GeV in the interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1 between the jets are observed in excess of calculations that assume only color-exchange. The fraction of events produced via color-singlet exchange, f(CSE), is measured as a function of p(T)(jet2), the pseudorapidity difference between the two leading jets, and the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets. The fraction f(CSE) has values of 0.4-1.0%. The results are compared with previous measurements and with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics. In addition, the first study of jet-gap-jet events detected in association with an intact proton using a subsample of events with an integrated luminosity of 0.40 pb(-1) is presented. The intact protons are detected with the Roman pot detectors of the TOTEM experiment. The f(CSE) in this sample is 2.91 +/- 0.70(stat)(-1.01)(+1.08)(syst) times larger than that for inclusive dijet production in dijets with similar kinematics.Peer reviewe